Chinese firm Weichai Power has unveiled the world’s first diesel engine with a thermal efficiency of 53.09%. This milestone was revealed at the 2024 World Congress on Internal Combustion Engines, earning recognition from TÜV SÜD and the China Automotive Technology & Research Center for its unprecedented efficiency.
Since the invention of the diesel internal combustion engine 127 years ago, engineers have relentlessly pursued improvements in thermal efficiency. Weichai Power’s latest achievement marks a significant leap, surpassing the previous efficiency records. The breakthrough demonstrates a remarkable 53.09% of diesel combustion energy being converted into useful engine output without the need for waste heat recovery mechanisms.
Weichai Power has consistently pushed the boundaries of engine efficiency. The journey began on September 16, 2020, with the unveiling of a diesel engine boasting a thermal efficiency of 50.23%. This was followed by another milestone on January 8, 2022, when the company achieved a thermal efficiency of 51.09%. The latest record before the current achievement was set on November 20, 2022, with an efficiency of 52.28%.
The company’s research team dedicated over 500 days to refining four critical systems: fuel supply, air intake, combustion, and friction reduction. Their focused efforts led to advancements in high-expansion combustion, mixed-flow pressurization, high-efficiency fuel injection, and low-resistance friction-reducing technologies.
The new world record has been validated by international and national authorities, further cementing Weichai Power’s position as a leader in diesel engine innovation. TÜV SÜD and the China Automotive Technology & Research Center have both certified this historic accomplishment.
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The leap from an average thermal efficiency of 45-46% to 53.09% translates to substantial economic and environmental benefits. This increase can enhance a diesel engine’s economy by approximately 14%, resulting in annual fuel savings of around 31 million tons and a reduction of 97 million tons in carbon emissions in China alone.
For heavy-duty tractors with an annual mileage of 155,342 miles (250,000 kilometres), this technology can save about 12,000 gallons of diesel fuel annually. At current diesel prices, this equates to a savings of approximately $13,529 (98,000 yuan) per vehicle per year. The broader application of this technology promises similar benefits across various industries, including construction machinery, agricultural equipment, ships, and power generation.
The engine’s base thermal efficiency, representing the proportion of energy from diesel combustion converted into useful work, is a key indicator of its economic performance. Higher thermal efficiency reduces fuel consumption and emissions, making engines more environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Weichai Power’s achievement underscores the potential for significant improvements in diesel engine technology.
The meticulous research and development process leading to this achievement involved securing 176 invention patents and 68 utility model patents. Each incremental improvement of 0.1% contributed to breaking the 53% thermal efficiency barrier, a feat comparable to a human running a 100-meter dash in under nine seconds.
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Weichai Power’s technological breakthrough is set to transform not only transportation but also other sectors reliant on diesel engines. The improved efficiency aligns with global trends towards sustainability and reduced carbon footprints, reinforcing China’s commitment to technological leadership and environmental responsibility.
