Japanese researchers at Yokohama National University have unveiled a revolutionary development in electric vehicle (EV) battery technology. Their new manganese-boosted lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery achieves an impressive energy density of 820 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg), surpassing the 750 Wh/kg of traditional nickel-cobalt (NiCo) batteries, and showing no signs of voltage decay. This groundbreaking discovery could reshape the EV industry by providing a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative to current battery technologies.
EV manufacturers have traditionally preferred NiCo batteries due to their high energy density, which offers extended driving range in a compact size. However, the rarity and high cost of nickel and cobalt have raised concerns about their long-term sustainability, especially as global EV adoption accelerates. Manganese, on the other hand, is more abundant and less expensive, making it an attractive alternative.
Historically, manganese-based batteries have struggled with performance issues, particularly voltage decay and lower energy densities. The research team at Yokohama National University, led by Naoaki Yabuuchi, has tackled these challenges head-on. Utilizing a monoclinic layered domain structure in the LiMnO2 anode has enabled a phase transition to a spinel-like phase, which significantly enhances the battery’s performance and stability.
The researchers conducted extensive studies using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical methods to understand the behaviour of LiMnO2 in various forms. Their findings revealed that the monoclinic system—a type of crystalline structure symmetry—plays a crucial role in activating the necessary structural transition. This breakthrough allowed the direct synthesis of nanostructured LiMnO2 with a high surface area using a simple solid-state reaction and calcination process.
Post-synthesis testing showed that the new LiMnO2 battery achieved an energy density of 820 Wh/kg, compared to 750 Wh/kg for nickel-based batteries and 500 Wh/kg for other lithium-based alternatives. This high energy density, coupled with excellent charge rate capabilities and good capacity retention, makes the manganese-boosted battery highly suitable for EV applications.
One of the primary concerns with manganese-based batteries has been the dissolution of manganese, which can occur due to phase changes or reactions with acidic solutions. The researchers addressed this issue by employing a highly concentrated electrolyte solution and a lithium phosphate coating, which effectively mitigates manganese dissolution and ensures long-term stability.
ALSO READ: Scientists Develop Nuclear Waste-Powered “Diamond” Batteries with a Thousand-Year Lifespan
The research team is confident their findings represent a significant step forward in battery technology. They believe that the new manganese-boosted Li-ion battery is not only competitive with existing options but also more environmentally friendly and cost-effective. The team is now focused on commercializing its technology and integrating it into the EV industry.
The introduction of manganese-boosted batteries could have far-reaching implications for the EV industry. With their high energy density, fast charging capabilities, and stability, these batteries promise to enhance the overall performance and longevity of electric vehicles. This innovation aligns with the growing demand for sustainable and efficient energy solutions in the automotive sector.
Switching to manganese-based batteries could significantly reduce the environmental impact of battery production by minimizing the need for rare and expensive materials. Additionally, the lower cost of manganese compared to nickel and cobalt could make EVs more affordable, accelerating their adoption and contributing to a greener future. The research findings were published in the journal ACS Central Science.
